python+Tkinter+多线程
界面和多线程一向是编程里比较难的地方，常见的做法一般是界面一个线程，后台新开一个工作线程，这两个线程进行通信，这样可以让界面不至于为响应。
在python中可以利用队列完成整体的架构设计。
直接给大家看代码吧，一个简单实例，非常好的例子。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | import Tkinter,time,threading,random,Queueclass GuiPart(): def __init__(self,master,queue,endCommand): self.queue=queue Tkinter.Button(master,text='Done',command=endCommand).pack() def processIncoming(self): while self.queue.qsize(): try: msg=self.queue.get(0) print msg except Queue.Empty: passclass ThreadedClient(): def __init__(self,master): self.master=master self.queue=Queue.Queue() self.gui=GuiPart(master,self.queue,self.endApplication) self.running=True self.thread1=threading.Thread(target=self.workerThread1) self.thread1.start() self.periodicCall() def periodicCall(self): self.master.after(200,self.periodicCall) self.gui.processIncoming() if not self.running: self.master.destroy() def workerThread1(self): #self.ott=Tkinter.Tk() #self.ott.mainloop() while self.running: time.sleep(rand.random()*1.5) msg=rand.random() self.queue.put(msg) def endApplication(self): self.running=Falserand=random.Random()root=Tkinter.Tk()client=ThreadedClient(root)root.mainloop() |
tkinter与多线程问题
长时间执行后台任务，UI会处于无响应状态。在子线程里更新UI状态，听说是不允许的。在哪个线程里调用了tk.mainloop()，就只能在哪个线程里更新UI。
下例演示了如何更新。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 | import Tkinter as tkfrom ttk import *import timeimport Queue, threadingclass MainWindow: def __init__(self): self.root = tk.Tk() self.root.title('Demo') def show(self): self.progress = tk.IntVar() self.progress_max = 100 self.progressbar = Progressbar(self.root, mode='determinate', orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, variable=self.progress, maximum=self.progress_max) self.progressbar.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=5) self.progress.set(0) btn = tk.Button(self.root, text='start', command=self.start) btn.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=15, pady=5) self.btn = btn self.root.mainloop() def start(self): self.progress.set(0) self.btn.config(state=tk.DISABLED) self.thread_queue = Queue.Queue() # used to communicate between main thread (UI) and worker thread new_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run_loop, kwargs={'param1':100, 'param2':20}) new_thread.start() # schedule a time-task to check UI # it's in main thread, because it's called by self.root self.root.after(100, self.listen_for_result) def run_loop(self, param1, param2): progress = 0 for entry in range(self.progress_max): time.sleep(0.1) progress = progress + 1 self.thread_queue.put(progress) def listen_for_result(self): ''' Check if there is something in the queue. Must be invoked by self.root to be sure it's running in main thread ''' try: progress = self.thread_queue.get(False) self.progress.set(progress) except Queue.Empty: # must exist to avoid trace-back pass finally: if self.progress.get() |
一个进度条。设定最大进度为100。在子线程里每隔0.1秒更新一格。
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持IT俱乐部。
